![]() ![]() Overall, this study showed that multiple chemical activities of a reactive compound can be conveniently monitored in vivo by examining the temporal response of multiple sensitive regulators in the cell to reveal novel activities of the chemicals.īacteria are constantly exposed to oxidative stress conditions induced by diverse redox-active chemical compounds encountered in the environment, whether in abiotic natural habitats or at the interphase with plant or animal hosts. Interestingly, benzoquinone induced the SigR system by forming adducts on cysteine thiols in RsrA, revealing a new pathway to modulate RsrA activity. Monobromobimane was a moderately effective RES and a slow producer of ROS. Diamide was an RES that effectively formed disulfides and a weak RAC that activated SoxR. Plumbagin was an effective RAC that activated SoxR, an effective ROS-producer, and a less agile but effective RES. p-Benzoquinone was an effective RAC that directly activated SoxR, with slower ROS-producing activity, and an effective RES that induced the RsrA-SigR system. Phenazine methosulfate (PMS) was found to be an effective RAC that directly activated SoxR and an effective ROS-producer that induced CatR/PerR with little thiol-perturbing activity. The time course and magnitude of induction of their target transcripts were monitored to predict the chemical activities of each compound in S. We investigated the effect of representative RACs by monitoring the activity of three sensor-regulators in the model actinobacterium Streptomyces coelicolor SoxR that senses reactive compounds directly through oxidation of its cluster, CatR/PerR that senses peroxides through bound iron, and an anti-sigma factor RsrA that senses RES via disulfide formation. Since a single compound can exert multiple chemical effects in the cell, its effect can be better understood by time-course monitoring of multiple sensitive regulatory pathways that the compound induces. However, the effect of a certain compound on the cell has been investigated primarily with respect to a specific regulatory pathway. RACs can induce oxidative stress in cells and activate response pathways by modulating the activity of sensitive regulators. School of Biological Sciences and Institute of Microbiology, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Koreaīacteria in natural habitats are exposed to myriad redox-active compounds (RACs), which include producers of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive electrophile species (RES) that alkylate or oxidize thiols.Kang-Lok Lee †, Ji-Sun Yoo †, Gyeong-Seok Oh, Atul K. ![]()
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